What is a health impact assessment (HIA)?

A health impact assessment (HIA) is a systematic process that evaluates the potential health effects of a policy, program, or project before it is implemented. This process involves a comprehensive analysis that seeks to predict how proposed decisions may affect the health of a community or population. It takes into account various factors including social, economic, and environmental conditions, and aims to promote health by informing decision-makers about possible health consequences.

The systematic approach of HIA distinguishes it from other assessments. It not only looks at health trends or morbidity rates, which would be more retrospective or statistical evaluations, but it actively engages in forecasting and assessing future impacts and helps in making more informed and health-conscious decisions. By analyzing community needs and potential risks or benefits, HIA plays a critical role in public health by aiming to enhance positive health outcomes and mitigate adverse health effects that could arise from new initiatives.