What are social determinants of health?

Social determinants of health encompass the various conditions in which individuals are born, grow, live, work, and age. These factors include socioeconomic status, education, neighborhood and physical environment, employment, and social support networks. They are critical because they influence a wide range of health risks and outcomes. For example, individuals in economically disadvantaged neighborhoods may face barriers to accessing healthy food, quality healthcare, and safe living conditions, which can adversely affect their overall health.

While genetic factors and lifestyle choices also play a role in health, they are not the broad, systemic factors defined as social determinants. Additionally, laws regarding healthcare access can shape the healthcare landscape, but they do not encompass the comprehensive set of social and environmental conditions that affect health outcomes. Understanding social determinants is vital for public health initiatives aimed at addressing health disparities and improving population health.